Computer Software/Engineering
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Computer Software/Engineering Threat Reports
Redis 2025 Critical RCE: How CVE-2025-49844 Threatens Cloud Data Security
In October 2025, Redis disclosed a critical remote code execution vulnerability (CVE-2025-49844), stemming from a 13-year-old use-after-free bug in the Lua interpreter, impacting all major Redis releases. Exploitable via authenticated Lua scripts—enabled by default—the flaw allows attackers to escape the script sandbox, execute arbitrary code, establish persistent access via reverse shell, and ultimately gain full control of the host system. Security researchers revealed that over 330,000 Redis instances were exposed online, some requiring no authentication, enabling credential theft, data exfiltration, lateral movement, and malware deployment at scale. This incident highlights persistent risks from legacy code, cloud-exposed databases, and default insecure configurations, accelerating regulatory and industry emphasis on proactive patching, network segmentation, and least privilege controls. The vulnerability’s sheer scope and ease of exploitation underline the urgency for organizations to remediate and harden public-facing infrastructure.
8 months ago
Kill Chain
Zeroday Cloud 2025: Cloud and AI Security in the Spotlight
In December 2025, the inaugural Zeroday Cloud hacking contest was announced, offering $4.5 million in bug bounties for security researchers able to compromise open-source cloud and AI technologies. Organized by cloud security firm Wiz with major cloud providers Google Cloud, AWS, and Microsoft, the event is set to coincide with Black Hat Europe in London. Categories span AI platforms, Kubernetes, virtualization, web servers, databases, and DevOps tools, with cash rewards reaching as high as $300,000 for critical exploits that achieve remote code execution or full container escapes. The competition’s rules encourage demonstration of high-impact vulnerabilities in default configurations, drawing attention from the research and bug bounty community worldwide. This contest stands out as the largest ever focused exclusively on cloud-native and AI environments. It highlights industry-wide concerns about tooling security as organizations accelerate public cloud and AI adoption. The timing reflects both the proliferation of adversaries targeting these attack surfaces and coordinated industry efforts to crowdsource vulnerability discovery in critical platforms.
8 months ago
Kill Chain
How Kaspersky’s 2025 ML Models Raised the Bar for DLL Hijacking Detection
In 2025, Kaspersky advanced their detection capabilities against DLL hijacking attacks by developing and deploying machine learning (ML) models. DLL hijacking, used by both organized malware developers (such as those behind Lumma stealer) and advanced persistent threat (APT) groups, involves loading malicious DLLs in place of genuine libraries. Attackers exploited trusted processes to evade detection and complicate incident response. Kaspersky’s internal telemetry revealed a sharp uptick in these attacks across diverse regions and sectors, prompting an iterative ML-driven approach. By refining training datasets, extracting relevant behavioral features, and evolving their models through analyst feedback, Kaspersky achieved higher true positive rates and reduced false positives, integrating the solution into SIEM and MDR offerings to surface live threats.
8 months ago
Kill Chain
Red Hat Breach 2025: ShinyHunters Escalate GitLab Data Extortion
In October 2025, Red Hat suffered a significant data breach after threat actor group Crimson Collective compromised its internal GitLab repositories, exfiltrating nearly 570GB of data including around 800 Customer Engagement Reports (CERs). These reports contained sensitive details about customers’ networks and infrastructure. Following unsuccessful ransom negotiations, Crimson Collective partnered with Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters and ShinyHunters to escalate extortion attempts, publicly posting data samples and demanding payment before a hard deadline. High-profile organizations such as Walmart, HSBC, Bank of Canada, and the US Department of Defense were among affected clients named in the leak. The collaboration between multiple threat actors and the rise of Extortion-as-a-Service operations like ShinyHunters highlight a new era of corporate extortion risk, with increasing pressure on organizations to proactively secure code repositories and sensitive customer communications against rapidly-evolving, multi-actor cyber threats.
8 months ago
Kill Chain
Oracle E-Business Suite 2025: Critical SSRF Exploit Exposed and Analyzed
In October 2025, Oracle E-Business Suite was found to be vulnerable to an actively exploited server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2025-61882. Threat actors leveraged a publicly available exploit script to manipulate the product’s servlet endpoints, extracting CSRF tokens and delivering a crafted payload capable of executing arbitrary commands via XSLT and Java reflection. The attack enabled remote code execution and potential lateral movement within affected enterprise environments, with indicators of compromise made public shortly after discovery. Oracle’s rapid response included a critical patch and threat intelligence advisory. This incident highlights an ongoing surge in advanced web exploitation techniques, particularly SSRF combined with deserialization and XSLT-based attacks. It underscores the urgent need for timely patching, defense-in-depth, and continuous anomaly detection, as well as the growing focus of attackers on business-critical ERP platforms.
8 months ago
Kill Chain
Salesloft Drift Supply Chain Breach: How Okta and Zscaler Responded in 2023
In August 2023, a sophisticated supply chain attack targeting Salesloft and Drift exposed the vulnerabilities of OAuth token management in SaaS integrations. Threat actor group UNC6395 compromised Salesloft's GitHub and later leveraged compromised OAuth tokens from the Drift platform, affecting over 700 customers—including security leaders Okta and Zscaler. While Okta’s proactive use of IP restrictions blocked malicious API requests and prevented data loss, Zscaler experienced a significant breach, exposing both customer and internal data. The campaign unfolded rapidly, relying on automated scripts for widespread data extraction via legitimate channels before defenses were activated. This incident underscores the growing pipeline threat of API- and token-driven attacks across integrated SaaS ecosystems. As organizations increasingly rely on third-party applications, traditional security mechanisms and risk due diligence are proving insufficient against lateral supply-chain intrusion tactics and the automated exploitation of tokenized access.
8 months ago
Kill Chain
Discord 2024 Breach: Third-Party Support Attack Exposes User Data
In early March 2024, Discord disclosed a data breach after threat actors compromised a third-party customer service provider’s systems. Attackers gained access to customer support tickets, exposing partial payment information, names, email addresses, and government-issued IDs of Discord users who had interacted with support. The breach occurred through unauthorized access to the provider’s internal systems, allowing exfiltration of sensitive, personally identifiable information linked to support requests. Discord promptly investigated, notified affected users, and terminated the third party’s access to its systems. This incident highlights the increasing risks associated with third-party vendors handling sensitive data, especially as social engineering and supply chain attacks become more common. Growing scrutiny from regulators and customers underscores the need for robust supply chain security and continuous monitoring of vendor access.
8 months ago
Kill Chain
CometJacking: How a Single Click Turned Perplexity's Comet AI Browser into a Data Thief
In October 2025, cybersecurity researchers uncovered a significant prompt injection attack targeting Perplexity's Comet AI browser. Dubbed "CometJacking," this incident involved adversaries embedding malicious prompts in links, which—when clicked by users—triggered unauthorized data siphoning through the browser's agentic AI capabilities. Sensitive information, including from connected services like email and calendars, was exposed, demonstrating how AI-driven interfaces can be subverted via crafted input. The attack exploited trust in browser automation and the deep integration of third-party services, raising concerns about the security of AI-powered productivity tools. This incident is highly relevant as prompt injection attacks are rapidly emerging as a primary risk vector for generative AI environments. The growth in agentic AI and interconnected browser-based workflows has exposed new attack surfaces, prompting urgent calls for improved input validation, isolation of automation agents, and strengthened compliance for AI SaaS applications.
8 months ago
Kill Chain
Salesforce Breach 2024: Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters' Massive Data Extortion Campaign
In October 2024, the cybercriminal collective Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters resurfaced with a dedicated leak site, threatening to publish stolen data related to Salesforce customers if their extortion demands were not met. This group, an alliance of threat actors including Scattered Spider, Lapsus$, and ShinyHunters, allegedly compromised Salesforce environments through social engineering—specifically vishing IT support personnel to obtain credentials and, in parallel campaigns, exploiting OAuth token theft. The attackers claimed to possess approximately one billion records from 39 prominent organizations, including sensitive personally identifiable information (PII) like Social Security and driver’s license numbers. This incident underscores the increased targeting of SaaS platforms via identity and access manipulation, as well as the growing sophistication of multinational threat actor collaborations. It signals elevated risk for organizations relying on cloud applications and highlights the necessity of enforcing multi-factor authentication and vigilant third-party access controls.
8 months ago
Kill Chain
CometJacking Attack: How Prompt Injection Exposed Comet AI Browser Users in 2025
In October 2025, security researchers from LayerX uncovered a novel 'CometJacking' attack affecting Perplexity's Comet AI browser. This prompt injection attack leverages URL parameters to deliver hidden instructions that compel the browser to access and exfiltrate sensitive data—such as Gmail messages and Google Calendar information—from connected services, without any need for user credentials or interaction. The technique exploits the 'collection' URL parameter to insert malicious prompts, instructing the AI agent to gather and encode user data (e.g., using base64) before surreptitiously transmitting it to attacker-controlled endpoints. Despite being informed, Perplexity dismissed the security risk, highlighting concerns about unmitigated AI agent behaviors.This incident surfaces amid growing adoption of agentic AI browsers and illustrates the ease with which prompt injection tactics can sidestep controls, particularly in tools integrated with sensitive personal or enterprise accounts. The attack underscores the increasing threat from adversarial prompt engineering as AI agent usage expands rapidly.
8 months ago
Kill Chain
Rhadamanthys Stealer 2025: Device Fingerprinting, Steganography, and the New Face of Data Theft
In October 2025, cybersecurity researchers uncovered significant new capabilities in the Rhadamanthys Stealer malware, including advanced device fingerprinting and the use of PNG steganography to distribute malicious payloads. Initially spread via cybercrime forums, the malware author has expanded its ecosystem with additional tools like Elysium Proxy Bot and Crypt Service, targeting organizations worldwide. Threat actors leveraged these upgrades to collect detailed browser and system data while evading detection, resulting in an uptick of credential, financial, and sensitive data thefts across enterprise environments. The evolution of Rhadamanthys Stealer highlights a broader trend of information stealer malware using novel evasion tactics and multi-tool ecosystems. Its modularity and innovative payload delivery have driven increased attention from security teams and regulators, as businesses seek to defend against ever-more-sophisticated data exfiltration methods.
8 months ago
Kill Chain
Microsoft AI Voice Cloning: A New SaaS Security Exposure in 2024
In early 2024, Microsoft’s ‘Speak for Me’ AI-powered voice cloning technology emerged as a significant security risk when researchers and privacy advocates highlighted its potential for abuse. Attackers could exploit the deep integration of this feature into productivity platforms like Teams, enabling the creation of near-perfect voice replicas for use in live calls or AI-driven agent interactions across SaaS environments. The risk is compounded by the platform’s capability to reproduce voices without comprehensive enrollment checks, opening avenues for sophisticated impersonation attacks and social engineering, ultimately undermining trust in corporate communications and user authentication. This incident underscores an urgent trend: as generative AI technologies become embedded in mainstream communications platforms, attackers are adopting new TTPs focused on identity and voice deception. Enterprises must address these risks proactively, with regulatory scrutiny growing over AI misuse in both authentication and privacy contexts.
8 months ago
Kill Chain
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