RondoDox Botnet Orchestrates Mass n-day IoT Attacks in 2025
In mid-2025, the RondoDox botnet emerged as a powerful threat targeting IoT and network devices by exploiting 56 known (n-day) vulnerabilities across over 30 device types, including routers, NVRs, DVRs, and CCTV systems. The operators, closely monitoring vulnerability disclosures—such as those revealed at Pwn2Own events—rapidly weaponized publicly disclosed exploits, including CVE-2023-1389 and CVE-2024-12856, using a high-volume "exploit shotgun" methodology to maximize infections. With operations observed since June 2025, the campaign affected both end-of-life and actively supported products, resulting in a widespread compromise of infrastructure, particularly among organizations and consumers with unpatched devices. This attack underscores a growing trend of mass exploitation of n-day vulnerabilities in IoT ecosystems, reflecting increasing automation and sophistication among botnet operators. The pace at which attackers operationalize new exploits demands faster patching, improved segmentation, and heightened baseline security practices across networked environments.
Kill Chain
